In response to persistent inflation, the Federal Reserve continued tightening monetary policy by raising interest rates at each April, May, and June meeting.

The Fed is expected to keep raising interest rates at its meetings later this year, although the amount of interest rate increases remains an open question.

In the near term, the outlook for the exact track the market will follow is uncertain because of all these factors that leave the market searching for direction.

Why are stocks and bonds declining together? The Federal Reserve is raising interest rates and shrinking its balance sheet by selling bonds, which pressures both stock and bond valuations.

Low-interest rates and bond purchases stabilized the U.S. economy during the Covid pandemic, but removing the two pandemic-era monetary policies is proving to be enormously disruptive.

Recession fears may make the Fed's task of stabilizing prices harder, as painfully higher interest rates fight inflation underpinned by supply constraints.

In our view, it is the sum total of rate hikes that matters in terms of the future value of equities, as opposed to simply timing and speed.

January 2022’s personal savings rate of 6.1% was the lowest since December 2013.

Our view is that private markets with limited liquidity are the most significant risk to the public equity market. The Fed tightening monetary policy, raising rates, and shrinking its balance sheet point to the desire to curb demand and limit risk-taking.

The Fed tightening up is not necessarily an indication that inflation will ease. While this is the idea behind their actions, historically, it is not always the result.

There was no shortage of events for the market to navigate, including the Federal Reserve’s first interest rate increase since December 2018, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and stubbornly high inflation pressures.

The Federal Reserve’s goal is to raise interest rates to ease inflation pressure, but it could have the added side effect of slower economic growth.

The stock market’s bumpy ride continued during February. Last month’s top news story was rising geopolitical tensions and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Geopolitical risk is rising as tensions between Russia and Ukraine escalate in Eastern Europe. Financial markets are watching closely as the situation evolves.

Many Americans can reduce their estate taxes through careful estate tax planning.

Volatility is the price of admission to investing and will continue to impact portfolios. Experiencing market selloffs is unpleasant, but annual returns historically finish the year well above the maximum drawdown level.

The stock market is off to a volatile start in 2022, and history suggests it could remain volatile ahead of this year’s midterms.

Despite 2021’s many extraordinary headlines, the S&P 500 traded higher during the quarter and finished the year with a +28.6% total return.

While you were working, you likely relied on employer insurance. After retiring your options will be different and this requires attentive planning and cost analysis.

2021 is quickly coming to an end, and investors are turning their attention toward 2022. Before the calendar turns, we want to take one last look at 2021.